Data Types

#Fundamental Data Types
#int, float, str, bool, dict, tuple, list set


#Classess --> Custom types

#Specialized  Data Types --> Modules, parkages

# Fubdamental Data Types -- int and float
#print(2 + 4)
#print(2 - 4)
#print(2 * 4)
#print(2 / 4)

#Getting the Data Types

#print(type(2 + 4))
#print(type(2 - 4))
#print(type(2 * 4))
#print(type(2 / 4)) # 0.5
print(type(20 +1.1))
print(9.9 +1.1)
print(type(9.9 +1.1))


#OPerators in python
#print(2 ** 2) # 2 raised power of 2 will give 8
#print(5 // 4) # double division round down the result , 1.25 --> 1
#print(6 % 4) # mod of, will get the reminder 2

#Math functions
#print(round(3.9)) #4
#print(abs(-20)) #20

#Dictionary data type, order does not matter, key value pair
dict1 = {'123': [1,2,3],
       'True': 'hello',
       'Name': 'John',
       'ID'  :  4321
       
}

print(dict1['ID'])

user = {'age': 45,
         'height': '6.2',
         'bmi': 18,
         'pin': '001'
         
}

print(user.get('weight'))
print(user.get('weight', 40)) # incase weight does not exit, use default value 40

#using the dict function to create dict on the fly
user2 = dict(name = 'Jeriah')
print(user2)

#How to look for item in dict
print('height' in user)

#useing dict methods to fetch things from our dict
#print('height' in user.keys())
#print(18 in user.values())
#print(user.items())

#user3 = user.copy() #copy the items to another dict
#print(user.clear()) #clear the entire dict, renturning none
#print(user3)

#print(user3.pop('pin')) #removes the last value from the dict
#print(user3)
#print(user3.popitem()) #radomly removes items from the dict
#print(user3)

#print(user.update({'age': 30}))
#print(user)

#Tuple data types
my_tuple = (1,2,3,4,5) # Tuples are imuitable, once created, they cannot be change, the faster than a list
nariah = ('Nanna', 3, 17.5, 'Zambian-Ghanian-American')
nariah1 = ('Nanna', 3, 17.5, 17.5,17.5,'Zambian-Ghanian-American')
#Accessing item in a tuple'Zambian-Ghanian-American'
print(5 in my_tuple)
print(my_tuple[4])
print(my_tuple[3])
print(my_tuple[2])
print(my_tuple[1])
print(my_tuple[0])
print(nariah[2])
print(len(nariah))

#Slicing a tuple
Ama = nariah[1:2]

#tuple Methods
print(nariah1.count(17.5))
x = nariah1.index(3)
print(x)
print(nariah1.index(17.5))
print(nariah1.index('Zambian-Ghanian-American'))
#Using built in fun length to get length of a tuple
print(len(nariah1))

#list data types -- List is an order sequence of objects, denoted by [], list are like form of array
li = [1,2,3,4,5]
li2 = ['a', 'b', 'c']
li3 = [1,2.5,'a', True]
print(li)
print(li2)
print(li3)

#Accessing items in a list
amazon_cart = ['notebooks', 'sunglasses', 'ipads']
print(amazon_cart[2])


#list slicing
amazon_cartz = ['notebooks', 'sunglasses', 'ipads', 'toys', 
'peanuts',
'jams',
'powder milk'
]

print(amazon_cartz[0:2])
print(amazon_cartz[0::2])

amazon_cartz[6] = 'butter'
print(amazon_cartz)

print(amazon_cartz[::-1])
print(amazon_cartz[::-4])
print(amazon_cartz[::-2])

new_cart = amazon_cart[:]
print(new_cart)
new_cart[0] = 'gum'

print(new_cart)

#Methods of a list, action we take on list

basket = [1,2,3,4,5]
basket1 = [6,7,8,9,10]
basket2 = [11,12,13,14,15]
print(len(basket))

#adding items to a list
new_listx = basket.append(100) #append is one way of adding to list
print(new_listx)

new_listy = basket1.insert(5, 100)
print(new_listy)

new_listz = basket2.extend([100])
print(new_listz)


#Removing items to a list

basket.pop()
print(basket)
basket.remove(4)
print(basket)
basket.clear()
print(basket)

#Indexing items of a list
african_basket = ['a','b','c','d','e']

print(african_basket.index('d'))
print(african_basket.index('d', 0, 4))

#automating the process of looking up items in a list using python keyword
bucket = ['goat','sheep','cow','monkey','chicken','bird']
print('b' in bucket)
print(bucket.count('monkey'))
print(bucket.sort())


#str data types
print(type('hi hello there'))

print('hi hello there')

username = 'supercoder'
password = 'supersecret'
long_string = '''
wow
o o
---
'''
print(long_string)

first_name = 'Jeriah'
last_name = ' Smarte'
full_name = first_name + last_name
print(full_name)

#string concatenation
print('Hello' + ' Jeriah!')

#Type conversion
print(type(str(100))) #converting 100 to string
print(type(int(str(100)))) #convert 
print(type(float(str(100)))) #converting string to double
a = str(100)
b = int(a)
c = type(b)
print(c)

#exercise-- Type Conversion
#birth_year = input('What year were born?')
#age5 = 2019 - int(birth_year)
#print(f'your age is: {age5}')

birth_year = 2000 #int(input('What year were born?'))
age5 = 2019 - birth_year
print(f'your age is: {age5}')



#Ecape Sequence
weather = 'It\'s sunny'
print(weather)
weather1 = "It\\s \"kind of\" sunny"
print(weather1)
weather2 = "\t It\'s \"kind of\" sunny"
print(weather2)
weather3 = "\t It\'s \"kind of\" sunny\n hope you have a good day!"
print(weather3)

#Formatted strings
name = 'Nanna'
age = 3
name1 = "Ama"
age1 = 4
name2 = 'Jeriah'
age2 = 1
print('Hello ' + name + ', you are ' + str(age) + ' years old.') #making our code dynamic
print(f'Hello {name1}, you are {age1} years old.')
print('Hello {}, you are {} year old.'.format('Jeriah', '1')) #the .format method

name3 = 'Maria'
age3 = 38
print('Welcome {0}, you truned {1} on your birthday!'.format(name3, age3))

#Indexes of strings, the rules [start:stop:stepover] (string slicing), this is us to return parts or all the strings
selfish = 'me na gic' #012345678
yankee = 'United States'
print(selfish[6]) #return string position #6 -->g
print(selfish[0:8]) #retrun the string me na gi[0:8]
print(selfish[0:9]) #retrun the string me na gic [0:9]
print(selfish[0:9:2]) #retrun the string me na gic [0:9:1]
print(selfish[1:]) #start at 1, no stop,it will default and return from 1 position all the way to the end of string
print(selfish[:9]) #retrun the string me na gic using [:9] no start only end, will return all the strin
print(selfish[:5])
print(yankee[::1]) #double colons, start at zero with 1st colon, 2nd colon ends when the string ends, stepover by 1
print(yankee[-1]) #In Python -1 index means start counting from the end of the string (eg -->13. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13)
print(yankee[-2])
print(yankee[::-1]) #This will return the revese of the string --> setatS detinU
print(yankee[::-2])
print(len(yankee))

#Immutability of strings, part of a string can not be assign
dog = 'bull dog' #0123456789
#dog[0] = '2'
dog = '2' #the whole variable needs to be resigned just get 2
print(dog)

#Exploring more on Built-In Functions and Methods
greet = 'helloooo'
print(len(greet))
print(greet[::1])
print(greet[0:len(greet)])

#methods
quote = 'to be or not to be'
print(quote.capitalize()) # capitalize the first occurance of the sentence
print(quote.find('be'))
print(quote.replace('be', 'me'))



#Booleans Datatype -- represent the idea of true and false
homosapien = 'Smarte'
is_cool = False

is_cool = True

print(is_cool)
print(bool(1)) #In programing bool is just 0 and 1, 0 = false, 1 = true
print(bool(0))
print(bool('True'))








#set data types - unordered collection of unique objects, no duplicate
my_set = {1,2,3,4,5,5}
my_set1 = {1,2,3,4,5,5,5} #{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, no douplicates
my_set.add(100)
my_list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,5] #how do return a unique list
print(set(my_list1)) #using the set function to return unique set from a list
print(my_set)
print(my_set1)


#accessing elements of a set
my_set = {1,2,3,4,5,5}
#print(my_set[0])
print(1 in my_set)
print(len(my_set))
print(list(my_set)) #converting a set to list
new_set = my_set.copy() #copying a set to a new set
print(new_set)
new_set.clear()
print(new_set)

#set methods
#.difference(), .discard(), .difference_update(), .intersection(), .isdisjoint(), 
#.issubset(), .issuperset(), .union()
nanna_set = {1,2,3,4,5}
ama_set = {4,5,6,7,8,9,10}


#Password Checker
#username = input('jariah')
#password = input('secret')

#print(f'{username} your password {password} is {len(password)} letters long')

#Password Checker
#username = input('What is your username?')
#password = input('What is your password?')

#password_length = len(password)
#hidden_password = '*' * password_length

#print(f'{username}, your password, {hidden_password}, is {password_length} letters long')

#Matrix --it is way to describe two-diamensional list, it is an array with nested array

matrix = [
[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]
]

print(matrix[0][1]) #the result should be 2
print(matrix[1][1]) #the result should be 5
print(matrix[2][2]) #the result should be 9