Data Types

#Fundamental Data Types

#int, float, str, bool, dict, tuple, list set

#Classess --> Custom types

#Specialized Data Types --> Modules, parkages

# Fubdamental Data Types -- int and float

#print(2 + 4)

#print(2 - 4)

#print(2 * 4)

#print(2 / 4)

#Getting the Data Types

#print(type(2 + 4))

#print(type(2 - 4))

#print(type(2 * 4))

#print(type(2 / 4)) # 0.5

print(type(20 +1.1))

print(9.9 +1.1)

print(type(9.9 +1.1))

#OPerators in python

#print(2 ** 2) # 2 raised power of 2 will give 8

#print(5 // 4) # double division round down the result , 1.25 --> 1

#print(6 % 4) # mod of, will get the reminder 2

#Math functions

#print(round(3.9)) #4

#print(abs(-20)) #20

#Dictionary data type, order does not matter, key value pair

dict1 = {'123': [1,2,3],

'True': 'hello',

'Name': 'John',

'ID' : 4321

}

print(dict1['ID'])

user = {'age': 45,

'height': '6.2',

'bmi': 18,

'pin': '001'

}

print(user.get('weight'))

print(user.get('weight', 40)) # incase weight does not exit, use default value 40

#using the dict function to create dict on the fly

user2 = dict(name = 'Jeriah')

print(user2)

#How to look for item in dict

print('height' in user)

#useing dict methods to fetch things from our dict

#print('height' in user.keys())

#print(18 in user.values())

#print(user.items())

#user3 = user.copy() #copy the items to another dict

#print(user.clear()) #clear the entire dict, renturning none

#print(user3)

#print(user3.pop('pin')) #removes the last value from the dict

#print(user3)

#print(user3.popitem()) #radomly removes items from the dict

#print(user3)

#print(user.update({'age': 30}))

#print(user)

#Tuple data types

my_tuple = (1,2,3,4,5) # Tuples are imuitable, once created, they cannot be change, the faster than a list

nariah = ('Nanna', 3, 17.5, 'Zambian-Ghanian-American')

nariah1 = ('Nanna', 3, 17.5, 17.5,17.5,'Zambian-Ghanian-American')

#Accessing item in a tuple'Zambian-Ghanian-American'

print(5 in my_tuple)

print(my_tuple[4])

print(my_tuple[3])

print(my_tuple[2])

print(my_tuple[1])

print(my_tuple[0])

print(nariah[2])

print(len(nariah))

#Slicing a tuple

Ama = nariah[1:2]

#tuple Methods

print(nariah1.count(17.5))

x = nariah1.index(3)

print(x)

print(nariah1.index(17.5))

print(nariah1.index('Zambian-Ghanian-American'))

#Using built in fun length to get length of a tuple

print(len(nariah1))

#list data types -- List is an order sequence of objects, denoted by [], list are like form of array

li = [1,2,3,4,5]

li2 = ['a', 'b', 'c']

li3 = [1,2.5,'a', True]

print(li)

print(li2)

print(li3)

#Accessing items in a list

amazon_cart = ['notebooks', 'sunglasses', 'ipads']

print(amazon_cart[2])

#list slicing

amazon_cartz = ['notebooks', 'sunglasses', 'ipads', 'toys',

'peanuts',

'jams',

'powder milk'

]

print(amazon_cartz[0:2])

print(amazon_cartz[0::2])

amazon_cartz[6] = 'butter'

print(amazon_cartz)

print(amazon_cartz[::-1])

print(amazon_cartz[::-4])

print(amazon_cartz[::-2])

new_cart = amazon_cart[:]

print(new_cart)

new_cart[0] = 'gum'

print(new_cart)

#Methods of a list, action we take on list

basket = [1,2,3,4,5]

basket1 = [6,7,8,9,10]

basket2 = [11,12,13,14,15]

print(len(basket))

#adding items to a list

new_listx = basket.append(100) #append is one way of adding to list

print(new_listx)

new_listy = basket1.insert(5, 100)

print(new_listy)

new_listz = basket2.extend([100])

print(new_listz)

#Removing items to a list

basket.pop()

print(basket)

basket.remove(4)

print(basket)

basket.clear()

print(basket)

#Indexing items of a list

african_basket = ['a','b','c','d','e']

print(african_basket.index('d'))

print(african_basket.index('d', 0, 4))

#automating the process of looking up items in a list using python keyword

bucket = ['goat','sheep','cow','monkey','chicken','bird']

print('b' in bucket)

print(bucket.count('monkey'))

print(bucket.sort())

#str data types

print(type('hi hello there'))

print('hi hello there')

username = 'supercoder'

password = 'supersecret'

long_string = '''

wow

o o

---

'''

print(long_string)

first_name = 'Jeriah'

last_name = ' Smarte'

full_name = first_name + last_name

print(full_name)

#string concatenation

print('Hello' + ' Jeriah!')

#Type conversion

print(type(str(100))) #converting 100 to string

print(type(int(str(100)))) #convert

print(type(float(str(100)))) #converting string to double

a = str(100)

b = int(a)

c = type(b)

print(c)

#exercise-- Type Conversion

#birth_year = input('What year were born?')

#age5 = 2019 - int(birth_year)

#print(f'your age is: {age5}')

birth_year = 2000 #int(input('What year were born?'))

age5 = 2019 - birth_year

print(f'your age is: {age5}')

#Ecape Sequence

weather = 'It\'s sunny'

print(weather)

weather1 = "It\\s \"kind of\" sunny"

print(weather1)

weather2 = "\t It\'s \"kind of\" sunny"

print(weather2)

weather3 = "\t It\'s \"kind of\" sunny\n hope you have a good day!"

print(weather3)

#Formatted strings

name = 'Nanna'

age = 3

name1 = "Ama"

age1 = 4

name2 = 'Jeriah'

age2 = 1

print('Hello ' + name + ', you are ' + str(age) + ' years old.') #making our code dynamic

print(f'Hello {name1}, you are {age1} years old.')

print('Hello {}, you are {} year old.'.format('Jeriah', '1')) #the .format method

name3 = 'Maria'

age3 = 38

print('Welcome {0}, you truned {1} on your birthday!'.format(name3, age3))

#Indexes of strings, the rules [start:stop:stepover] (string slicing), this is us to return parts or all the strings

selfish = 'me na gic' #012345678

yankee = 'United States'

print(selfish[6]) #return string position #6 -->g

print(selfish[0:8]) #retrun the string me na gi[0:8]

print(selfish[0:9]) #retrun the string me na gic [0:9]

print(selfish[0:9:2]) #retrun the string me na gic [0:9:1]

print(selfish[1:]) #start at 1, no stop,it will default and return from 1 position all the way to the end of string

print(selfish[:9]) #retrun the string me na gic using [:9] no start only end, will return all the strin

print(selfish[:5])

print(yankee[::1]) #double colons, start at zero with 1st colon, 2nd colon ends when the string ends, stepover by 1

print(yankee[-1]) #In Python -1 index means start counting from the end of the string (eg -->13. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13)

print(yankee[-2])

print(yankee[::-1]) #This will return the revese of the string --> setatS detinU

print(yankee[::-2])

print(len(yankee))

#Immutability of strings, part of a string can not be assign

dog = 'bull dog' #0123456789

#dog[0] = '2'

dog = '2' #the whole variable needs to be resigned just get 2

print(dog)

#Exploring more on Built-In Functions and Methods

greet = 'helloooo'

print(len(greet))

print(greet[::1])

print(greet[0:len(greet)])

#methods

quote = 'to be or not to be'

print(quote.capitalize()) # capitalize the first occurance of the sentence

print(quote.find('be'))

print(quote.replace('be', 'me'))

#Booleans Datatype -- represent the idea of true and false

homosapien = 'Smarte'

is_cool = False

is_cool = True

print(is_cool)

print(bool(1)) #In programing bool is just 0 and 1, 0 = false, 1 = true

print(bool(0))

print(bool('True'))

#set data types - unordered collection of unique objects, no duplicate

my_set = {1,2,3,4,5,5}

my_set1 = {1,2,3,4,5,5,5} #{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, no douplicates

my_set.add(100)

my_list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,5] #how do return a unique list

print(set(my_list1)) #using the set function to return unique set from a list

print(my_set)

print(my_set1)

#accessing elements of a set

my_set = {1,2,3,4,5,5}

#print(my_set[0])

print(1 in my_set)

print(len(my_set))

print(list(my_set)) #converting a set to list

new_set = my_set.copy() #copying a set to a new set

print(new_set)

new_set.clear()

print(new_set)

#set methods

#.difference(), .discard(), .difference_update(), .intersection(), .isdisjoint(),

#.issubset(), .issuperset(), .union()

nanna_set = {1,2,3,4,5}

ama_set = {4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

#Password Checker

#username = input('jariah')

#password = input('secret')

#print(f'{username} your password {password} is {len(password)} letters long')

#Password Checker

#username = input('What is your username?')

#password = input('What is your password?')

#password_length = len(password)

#hidden_password = '*' * password_length

#print(f'{username}, your password, {hidden_password}, is {password_length} letters long')

#Matrix --it is way to describe two-diamensional list, it is an array with nested array

matrix = [

[1,2,3],

[4,5,6],

[7,8,9]

]

print(matrix[0][1]) #the result should be 2

print(matrix[1][1]) #the result should be 5

print(matrix[2][2]) #the result should be 9