Built in Functions + Methods

print(len('hey there')) #this is counting the number of characters including the space

#the len is a function ( length )

quote = "it is what it is"

#0123456789 ....

#here, we will use the methods. ( for example, .format is a method)

#There are more resources to see what other string methods are there, depending on the problem at hand

print(quote.upper()) #.upper means all characters will be in uppercase

print(quote.capitalize()) #.capitalize means to only capitalize the first letter

print(quote.lower()) #everything in lowercase

print(quote.find('is')) #used to find if 'is' is present in the quote. it is present at index 3 of the quote (starting from 0 )

print(quote.replace("is", "ain't")) #.replace to replace an existing word (old) with a new word.

#strings are immutable, meaning they cannot be changed.

#unless we assign the new string to a new variable and print it, the original string will remain. eg:

quote2 = print(quote.replace("is", "ain't"))

print(quote2)